Brown Smooth Hound Shark: Mustelus Henlei (Dogfish, Gummy Shark)

The brown smooth hound shark (Mustelus henlei) belongs to the family Triakidae and is commonly known as the gummy shark in Australia and the dogfish in Europe. It typically measures around 1 meter in length and weighs up to 10 kilograms. Its skin is smooth, with a brown or gray color on the upper side and a white belly. The snout is rounded, and the eyes are large, with a nictitating membrane. The brown smooth hound shark is found in shallow coastal waters, continental shelves, and slopes up to depths of 150 meters. It feeds on bony fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans. Viviparous, it gives birth to live young after a gestation period of 10-12 months. Conservation status: Near Threatened (IUCN).

Scientific Classification

• Discuss the scientific name, family, and common names of the brown smooth hound shark.

Scientific Classification: Unraveling the Identity of the Brown Smooth Hound Shark

Embark on a scientific expedition as we delve into the intriguing world of the brown smooth hound shark (Mustelus henlei). This captivating species belongs to the family Triakidae, renowned for its distinctive characteristics that set it apart from the vast ocean of sharks. Common names such as “smooth hound” or “dogfish” playfully hint at its canine-like appearance and gentle demeanor. Now, let’s embark on a journey to discover more about this extraordinary creature.

Physical Description of the Brown Smooth Hound Shark

The Brown smooth hound shark, also known as Mustelus antarcticus, is a fascinating marine creature with a distinctive appearance. Its scientific classification places it in the family Triakidae, and it inhabits various coastal regions and continental shelf areas.

Physically, these sharks are typically small to medium in size, with average lengths ranging from 1 to 1.5 meters. Notably, its weight can vary considerably, reaching up to 15 kilograms. The skin texture is smooth, giving it its “smooth” name, and it exhibits a dull brown coloration. The snout is rounded and blunt, while the eyes are small and oval-shaped.

Habitat and Distribution: Where Do Brown Smooth Hound Sharks Roam the Seas?

The brown smooth hound shark, a captivating marine creature, calls the vast expanse of the world’s oceans its home. These sharks exhibit a fascinating distribution pattern, showcasing their adaptability and affinity for specific coastal environments.

Coastal Affinities:

Brown smooth hound sharks often grace the shallows of coastal areas, seeking refuge and sustenance in these productive ecosystems. Their presence in bays, estuaries, and nearshore waters makes them accessible to marine enthusiasts and scientists alike.

Continental Shelf Wanderers:

Beyond the coastal zone, these sharks extend their range to the continental shelf, where they gracefully glide at depths of up to 1,000 feet (305 meters). The gentle slopes and abundant food sources of the continental shelf provide an ideal habitat for these predators.

Global Wanderers:

Brown smooth hound sharks possess a remarkable geographic distribution, spanning both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. They are commonly found in the coastal waters of Europe, North America, and South America. Their presence in the Mediterranean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico further adds to their global reach.

Biology and Behavior of the Brown Smooth Hound Shark

Feeding Habits and Diet

The brown smooth hound shark is a voracious predator, primarily feasting on a diverse array of fish, such as cod, haddock, and flounder. Their sharp, conical teeth allow them to seize and hold their prey firmly.

Preferred Prey

This species exhibits a particular fondness for small fish and crustaceans, including shrimp, crabs, and lobsters. They actively hunt their prey near the seabed, using their acute senses to detect potential meals.

Solitary or Group Behavior

Unlike many other shark species, brown smooth hound sharks typically display solitary behavior. However, they may occasionally form small aggregations during mating season or when seeking refuge from predators.

Reproduction

Viviparity in the Brown Smooth Hound Shark

Unlike many other sharks, the brown smooth hound shark stands out as a viviparous species, meaning that it gives birth to live young. This unique reproductive strategy allows the species to provide nurturing and protection for its offspring during their vulnerable early stages.

Extended Gestation

The gestation period for a brown smooth hound shark is remarkably long, spanning approximately 10 months. During this extended period, the embryos develop within the protective confines of the mother’s uterus, receiving essential nutrients and oxygen via a specialized organ called the placenta.

Litter Size and Pups

Once the gestation period concludes, the mother smooth hound shark gives birth to a litter of typically 3-4 pups. The pups are fully formed and capable of swimming and feeding independently soon after birth.

Maternal Care

Despite giving birth to live young, the brown smooth hound shark does not provide extensive parental care. However, the pup’s well-developed state and the mother’s protective instincts contribute to their high survival rates.

Conservation Status: Preserving the Brown Smooth Hound Shark

The brown smooth hound shark, scientifically known as Mustelus henlei, holds the distinction of being listed as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This vulnerable status signifies the need for proactive conservation measures to safeguard its populations.

One of the primary threats to the brown smooth hound shark is overfishing. This species is often targeted for its fins, meat, and liver oil. Unsustainable fishing practices, particularly bycatch in commercial fisheries, have led to significant declines in its populations.

Habitat loss and degradation also pose challenges. The brown smooth hound shark prefers shallow, coastal waters for breeding and feeding grounds. However, coastal development, pollution, and climate change are altering these habitats, making them less conducive for the shark’s survival.

Furthermore, the brown smooth hound shark is a slow-reproducing species. Females reach sexual maturity at a relatively late age, and they have a long gestation period. As a result, the species is less resilient to population declines caused by human activities.

Conserving the brown smooth hound shark requires collaborative efforts from governments, researchers, and individuals. By implementing sustainable fishing practices, protecting their habitats, and raising awareness about their importance, we can help ensure the survival of this fascinating marine species for generations to come.